Genetic Inheritance

In terms of evidence for and against the theory of genetic inheritance and its relationship to educational success or failure, there are two specific areas we need to investigate further:

Firstly, the concept of "intelligence" itself (what, for example, is "intelligence" and how can it be validly measured?) and,

Secondly, the question of whether or not educational performance differences actually reflect "natural" differences in student aptitude and ability; in other words, although clear and demonstrable differences in relation to the educational performance of different social class, ethnic and gender groups exist in our society, are these the result of cultural, rather than "natural" differences and relationships?