In this particular context "methodology" refers to beliefs about how it is possible to produce knowledge that is both reliable and valid. At A-level, we generally talk about three broad sociological methodologies, namely positivism, interpretivism and realism (although, as we will see, a fourth broad methodology - postmodernism - may also be significant (and will be considered in more detail further along this Pathway).
In terms of the "sociology of science" debate, the concept of methodology is normally considered in the context of three further concepts, namely ontology, epistemology and methods of research. It is not particularly necessary to for us to discuss these ideas further in this particular context, although a broad overview of their meaning and relationship is probably useful for students following the AEB syllabus.